Prévalence du VIH chez les patients tuberculeux suivis au Centre de Diagnostic et de Traitement des Tuberculeux de l’Hôpital Régional Annexe de Meiganga (Cameroun)

Tuberculosis and HIV pose major public health challenges both in Cameroon and globally. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with HIV co-infection among tuberculosis patients at the Meiganga Regional Annex Hospital (HRAM). A retrospective and cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2024, using data from the Tuberculosis Diagnosis and Treatment Center (CDT) of this hospital. The study focused on patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who had also been tested for HIV. A total of 548 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were identified, among whom 109 had HIV co-infection, representing a prevalence of 19.9% (109/548). Co-infection was more frequent in men (11.1%) and predominantly observed among individuals aged [30-40[years (8%), followed by those aged [20-30[ years (5.8%). A significant association between age and HIV status was noted (P = 0.002). Co-infection rates varied significantly over the years, peaking in 2022 and 2021 (P < 0.0001), and also showed marked differences based on patients’ residential areas, with higher prevalence rates in Zandaba-II and Ngassiri. However, no significant association was found between sputum smear results and HIV status (P = 0.403). This study highlights a significant prevalence of HIV among tuberculosis patients in the city of Meiganga, emphasizing the need to strengthen integrated screening and management strategies for these two
diseases.

Key words: Prevalence, Co-infection, Tuberculosis, HIV, Associated factors, Meiganga, Public health.