MEET OUR INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL TEAM
Editors & Editorial Board
IQ Research Journal (IQRJ) is supported by an international network of academics, researchers and subject specialists who contribute to the journal’s editorial and scholarly activities.
Our editorial team brings together expertise from diverse academic disciplines, universities, research institutions and professional organizations across different countries. Their contributions support the journal’s commitment to academic quality, responsible publishing, rigorous peer review and the dissemination of credible research.
EDITORIAL LEADERSHIP
Editorial Leadership
The journal’s editorial leadership provides strategic direction, oversees editorial standards and supports the effective management of the publication and peer-review process.
Atanga D. Funwie (Professor)
Editor-in-Chief
Tchouaffe Tchiadje Norbert (Professor)
Associate Editor-in-Chief
EDITORIAL ASSISTANTS
Editorial Assistants
Our editorial assistants support the coordination of submissions, communication with authors and reviewers, manuscript processing and other editorial activities.
Professor Tchakounte Franklin
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Akah Roland Tiagha
Kesmonds International University / Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
Professor Guiherme Schneider
Mexico
Professor Charles Fokunang
Cameroon Ethics Society / University of Yaoundé 1
Professor Tassang Ndah Andrew
Kesmonds International University / University of Buea
Professor Daniel Tata
Switzerland
Professor Truly Bush
Germany
Professor Abraham Pius
The Academy of Advance Science, United Kingdom
Professor Celestina Neh Tassang
University of Buea
Professor Letlole Gabriel Gonnafela
Gonnafela Institute, South Africa / Kesmonds International University
Professor Patricia Samkia Asongwe
Ministry of Higher Education, Cameroon
Professor Sama Dobit
University of Yaoundé I
Professor Tony Ogiemen
American Heritage University of Southern California, USA
Professor Gabriel Lopes
Unilogos University, USA and Brazil
Professor Nukenine Elias
University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Neossi Guena Mathurin
University of Ngaoundéré / Ngaoundéré Regional Hospital
Professor Angwanade Wilson
University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Esther Ngah
University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Yongho Shiwoh Louis
Kesmonds International University
Professor Asakizi Nji Augustine
Kesmonds International University / University of Bamenda, Cameroon
Professor Rudolph Q. Kwanue
Rudolph Kwanue University, Liberia
Professor Mustaf Abdulle
President, Green Hope University, Somalia
Professor Mathan Muse
Green Hope University Somalia / Nile University of Science & Technology
Professor Lawrence Mwelwa
Queens College, Zambia
Professor Ibrahim Abdi
Green Hope University Somalia / Nile University of Science & Technology
Professor Hussein Tohow
Vice-Chancellor, Green Hope University, Somalia
Professor Henry N. Fonjock
Cameroon Cooperative Credit Union
Professor Zahir Shah
Professional Development Research Institute, Pakistan
Professor Brian Siamani
Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Gideon Roberts University, Zambia
Professor Ernest Mutale
Ministry of Health, Zambia
Professor Kouam Lawrence
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Pascal Scheneller
Germany
Professor Francis Pol Lim
Philippines
Professor Mvondo M. Manuella
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Tamo Simo Richard
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Fodouop Simeon Pierre Tchegaing
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Professor Elie Baudelaire
EMIE Business School, Paris, France
Professor Sundjo Fabien
Kesmonds International University / University of Bamenda
Professor Gidoen Mwanza
Gideon Roberts University, Zambia
Dr. Christina Jean Rahm
Institute of Clinical Research, USA
Dr. Oscar Monono
Ballbridge University
Dr. Feugueng Micheal
Kesmonds International University, United Kingdom
Dr. Penyia Elvis Che
Kesmonds International University / St John Paul II University, Cameroon
Dr. Shei Claude Nfor
Shalom Institute, Cameroon
Dr. Mvogo Elundu Guy Dieudonné
Ministry of Public Health, Cameroon
Dr. Kagonbe Achille
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Dr. Doudou Raisa
Ministry of Scientific Research, Cameroon
Dr. Zilefac Ebenezer Nwetlagwung
Kesmonds International University / Southeast University, China
EDITORIAL SECRETARIES
Editorial Secretaries
The editorial secretaries provide administrative and organizational support to the journal, assisting with editorial communication, documentation and coordination of publishing activities.
Gana Christophe
Kesmonds International University
Kalwa Yvette
Kesmonds International University
Benson Lugalia
Kesmonds Group Limited
Pokam Tchinda Martial
Kesmonds International University / University of Ngaoundéré
Eng. Andma Twahiri Adams Jr.
Kelly Kesten Manyi Atanga
Kesmonds International University / Jining Medical University, China
Dr. Pauline Wanjiru Gitiha
Kesmonds International University
Eng. Anyangwe C. Anyangom
Kesmonds Group Limited / Kesmonds Institute of Technology
INTERNATIONAL EDITORIAL BOARD
Editorial Board Members
The Editorial Board comprises academics, researchers and professionals from various disciplines and institutions internationally. Board members contribute their scholarly expertise to support the journal’s academic direction, research quality and peer-review activities.
(Mrs.) T. V. Sanjeewanie
General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Sri Lanka
Abdul Hussain
Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, GPGC Parachinar, District Kurram, Pakistan
Abdul Malik
Minhaj University, Lahore, Pakistan
Abhishek B.
Assistant Professor, SRM University, Kattankulathur, Chennai, India
Abraham Aziz
Bangalore, India
Abrima Francis
Post-Doctoral Researcher, American International University West Africa, The Gambia
Adda Goudougou
Garoua General Hospital, Cameroon
Adeshini Goke Francis
Al-Hikmah University, Ilorin, Nigeria
Aissatou Missira
Kesmonds International University
Akinsola Gloria Adedoja M. Hamed
Department of Mathematics, Yobe State University, Damaturu, Nigeria
Ali Abdul-Hussain Ghazzay
Department of Biology, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Iraq
Ali Mushin Haji
Dean of College of Science, Al-Karkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
Ali Usman
Ethiopia
Ali Zehra Zaida
Guru Kashi University, Bathinda, Punjab, India
Alobwede Pende Divine
Kesmonds International University
Ambarish Sachin Bhalandhare
Associate Professor of Economics, India
Asanath Dira
Cairo, Egypt
Aya Khalil Ibrahim Hassan Moussa
Biological Anthropology Department, Medical Research Division, Cairo, Egypt
Baba Batoure
Ph.D. in Health Economics, Director, State Registered Nursing School, Garoua, Cameroon
Baratha Dewannara
Bolton University (UK), Sri Lankan Branch
Bashir Zainab
Social Studies Department, Tai Solarin College of Education, Omu-Ijebu, Ogun State, Nigeria
Bella Perez
Canada
Bijay Nera Poudel
Tribhuvan University, Trichandra Multiple Campus, Department of Psychology, Kathmandu, Nepal
Biokgololo Abeltine
Faculty of Commerce & Business Administration, Gaborone University College, Botswana
Camile Rodriguezz
Malaysia
Celestine Mulugeta Degu
College of Business and Economics, Wollega University, Ethiopia
Chan Dong Hyun
B.S., M.S., Ph.D., Geology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong
Charlanne Miller
LIGS University Hawaii, Canada
Danish Armed Joel Caleb
Uturu, Nigeria
David Dowland
Habibullah Bahar University College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Debashi Panna
India
Deric Chang Tektook
Iraq
Desmond Olushola
Microbiology Department, Kogi State University, Anyigba, Nigeria
Djibrilla Yaouba
World Bank Public Health Development Program, Northern Cameroon / University of Ngaoundéré, Cameroon
Doudou Nafissatou
Ministry of Scientific Research, Cameroon
Dr. Abel Tadesse Belle K.
Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
Dr. Abubakar Mohammad
University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Dr. Awah Richard Ndoh
Cameroon Cooperative Society
Dr. Bond Richard
California South University (CSU), Irvine, California, USA
Dr. Edward Mutengechi
Makerere University, Mulago Hospital, Uganda
Dr. Emili Burnley
Canada
Dr. Garam Garam
Kesmonds International University / University of Garoua, Cameroon
Dr. Jamuliro Samuel
Kesmonds International University / East African Law Society
Dr. Leonard Ake
Maître-Assistant du CAMES, Université Boubacar Ba de Tillabéri, Niger
Dr. Lingbe Soconde
Kesmonds International University / University of Garoua, Cameroon
Dr. Mubeena Munir
Oromia State University and Jimma University, Ethiopia
Dr. Zahir Shah
Kesmonds Research Institute, Pakistan
Emilia Kheambo
CPA(Z), Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Commerce, GSBM
Emmanuel Muhairwa
University of Dodoma, Tanzania
Ezedimora Louise Ocheni
School of Special Education, Federal College of Education, Oyo, Oyo State, Nigeria
Fadekemi Williams Oyewusi
Imo State Polytechnic, Umuagwo, Nigeria
Fahid Faryal Yawar
Kabul Polytechnic University, Kabul, Afghanistan
Farhat Samreen
Federal Urdu University of Arts, Karachi, Pakistan
Fitsum Etefa
Ethiopian Institute of Textile and Fashion Technology (EiTEX), Ethiopia
Francis Onyango (Ph.D.)
Nairobi, Kenya
Frederick Mbogo Akoth, PhD
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Bondo, Kenya
Gana Christophe
Kesmonds International University
Geofrey Kingibe
Senior Lecturer, Department of Sustainable Agriculture, Tamale Technical University, Ghana
Habiba Aissatou
Egypt
Hossain Johangir
Bangladesh
Ibrahim Mohammad Almoselhy
Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
Ilayaraja Degu Kathirkaman
Department of Geology, Gondar, Ethiopia
Jason Chishime Mwanza
St. Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia
Javnyuy Joybert
MBA, DBA, CEO CELBMD Africa, Douala, Cameroon
Jesica Gate
France
Kabul Amid Abbasi
University of Karachi, Pakistan
Kalwa Yvette
Kesmonds International University
Khan Aneeka Habib
Associate Professor, College of Business Administration, International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Kheambo Didier
Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration, Kesmonds Research Institute
Liela Meta
Malla Reddy Institute of Technology and Science, India
Lukong Hubert Shalanyuy
Kesmonds Research Institute
Mahmoud Magdy Abbas
Plant Nutrition Department, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
Mbanwie Nadege Ambeck
Kesmonds International University
Meron Mersha
Quantum Optics and Information, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia
Mochammad Munir Rachman, M.Si.
PGRI Adi Buana University, Surabaya, Indonesia
Mohamed Mustaf Abdulle
Green Hope University Somalia / Nile University of Science & Technology
Mohammad Usman Awan
Assistant Professor, Centre for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Pakistan
Muhammad Faroog
Assistant Professor (Economics), Okara University, Pakistan
Mulani Moshin Anware
Sant Ramdas Arts, Commerce and Science College, Maharashtra, India
Nadia Jamil
Associate Professor, Department of Environmental Sciences, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
Nazar Hassan
PMAS Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Ndapeyouene M. Zenabou
Kesmonds International University
Nfon Sergius Nfon
Kesmonds International University / University of Garoua, Cameroon
Ngwa Mathias
Faculty of Laws and Political Sciences, University of Dschang, Cameroon
Nougho Nancy Merveille
Kesmonds International University
Nouma Simon Joachim
Ph.D. in Political Economics, Consultant and Auditor, Bank of Central African States
Nsuh Larissa
Kesmonds International University
Nwatu Celestine Chibuzu
Rivers State University, Nigeria
Nzuzi Rafael
Bakhita African Schools, Butembo, DRC
Obafemi Emmanuel
Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba Akoko, Ondo State, Nigeria
Obike Godwill Ukamaka
M.Sc, Ph.D. (Medical Microbiology), Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria
Okpala Sunday Ocheni
Assistant Lecturer, University of Mosul, College of Science, Biology Department, Iraq
Ola Sayed Mohamed Ali
Girls Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
Onodugu Obinna Donatus
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, Abia State University, Nigeria
Onwubere Isabella (Sub-Dean)
Samuel Obiajulu University, Osun State, Nigeria
Osama Mohamed Anwar Nofal
Emeritus Professor, National Research Centre, Egypt
Osman Ibironke
Abia State University Uturu, Nigeria
Paule Giovani Henriette
Kesmonds International University
Pawan Thapa
Department of Geomatics Engineering, School of Engineering, Kathmandu University, Nepal
Priyanka Weerasekara
Faculty of Social Sciences & Languages, Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka
Prof. Nana Anabel
Ghana
Professor Ibrahim Hussein
Kesmonds Research Institute, Uganda
Professor Nicolas Guanzon Ong, Ph.D.
Department of Teaching Languages, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines
R. Francis Kaunda
DMI – St. Eugene University, Lusaka, Zambia
Rabindra Das Sinha
Chennai, India
Rafah Almutarreb
School of Computer Science and Technology, Algoma University, Canada
Rajat Mrinal Kanti
Ph.D., D.LITT, Physiotherapist, NIMHANS, Bangalore, India
Rajinder Singh Sodhi
Guru Kashi University, Ilorin, Nigeria
Ranendu Dutta Pukayastha
S.J.N.P.G College, Lucknow, India
Renato Dan A. Pablo II
CSPE, Mabalacat City College, Philippines
Resham Kumari
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Zoology, Plant Protection Department, Sohag University, Egypt
Rintu Sayak
India
Rodrigo Jose Pablo
Universidad Empresarial De Costa Rica
Sabyasachi Pramanik
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Haldia Institute of Technology, India
SENHADJI. L.
Oran University Hospital, Department of Anesthesia – Intensive Care, Algeria
Shehuri Sharon
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biosciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
Sujita Darmo
ST., MT, Mechanical Engineering, Mataram University, Indonesia
Surachita Basu
Bangalore, India
Surendra Kumar Gautam
Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
T. Christina Mondimu
University of Gondar, Ethiopia
Tateukam Alphonse
Doctor of Clinical Medicine, Kesmonds Research Institute
Tatoh Adeline Manjuh
Ph.D. in Healthcare Administration, Limbe Regional Hospital, Cameroon
Tchifam Berthe
Ph.D. in Public Health Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine Garoua, Cameroon
Thomas Abraham
Department of Hotel Management, Gondar, Ethiopia
Toffic Abdel Hassan
Plant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Egypt
Tumi Humphred Simoben
Ph.D. in Public Health, Kesmonds Research Institute
Uthman Simeon Adebisi
Obafemi Awolowo University, Nigeria
Velinga Ndolok Aimé Césaire
Ph.D. in Public Health Epidemiology, UNDP Public Health Development Program
Veronica Blade
Algeria
Vijay Ramkisan Lakwal
Department of Zoology, Science and Commerce College Chalisgaon, Jalgaon (MS), India
Wansso Blakwe Ahmed
Wilson Dabuo Wiredu
MOCS, VC Academic Affairs, DMTU, Ghana
Zapryan Assen
Higher School of Security and Economics, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
OUR COMMITMENT
Supporting Scholarly Excellence Worldwide
IQ Research Journal values the knowledge, experience and professional contributions of its editorial community. We remain committed to promoting scholarly integrity, international academic collaboration and the publication of quality multidisciplinary research.